Churches in Russia entered its final chapter by the year 1929. What started out as a decree by the Soviet government on the separation of Church and state ended with a violent attack on church property. The resistance to religion stemmed from a Marxist belief that “existence determines consciousness, and only knowledge derived from observed reality, without the intercession of any external force or mover is valid.” Thus, since religious belief has always been largely based on unwavering support of an idea without a known, proper source, the Bolsheviks saw this as a superstitious idea and as a source that could hamper the progress of a scientific state.
By 1923, the state had already increasingly placed restrictions on the church. The local police were recruited to close churches, using whatever methods necessary to do so. There were even mobs of citizens and anti-religious militants during the Russian civil war who vandalized churches and monasteries and went so far as to even kill bishops and priests.
Clearly, much of the damage of ridding the country of religious influence and propaganda had been successful. However, by the year 1929, the government placed even stricter restrictions on the church and imposed new and stiffer penalties. They also began using materials from churches for industry. For example, it was not uncommon to melt the metal from church bells for additional metal.
The Soviet Union certainly saw a significant amount of change in the year 1929 with the introduction of the first Five-Year Plan and the announcement to plan mass collectivization. However, it would seem that the anti-religious campaign had already been aggressively pursued and this important year for Russian history and the Soviet Union did not actually see much change on the religious front.
Sources:
Freeze, Gregory L.. Russia: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
http://www.soviethistory.org/images/Large/1929/churchbells.jpg?rand=26540197
http://www.soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1929religion&Year=1929&navi=byYear
October 4, 2013 @ 11:42 pm
The violence the Soviets committed against all and any types of religions is a sad consequence of the new government that was put in place. Since Marx called religion the “opium of the people”, it’s no wonder that the fiercely loyal Marxists attacked religious structures and clergy. The Bolshevik government sought to create a ‘complete’ socialist society–and they wanted overturn the symbols of the ‘old’ society like churches.
October 5, 2013 @ 8:05 pm
The role of religion under the Bolsheviks is often cast aside for more popular topics in political, economic, and social change (I know that’s what I did in my post!), so this was really great. I think recognizing the diminishing powers of the church is important in understanding the mentality of the new state. Knowing the Bolshevik stance on religion gives insight into the focus of their “movement”/regime. Religion would have hindered their ability to promote science and remove superstition. Overall, truly a great post. Just long enough to understand the Bolshevik stance, but not muddled with facts to distract from the overall point.
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Source of the quote in the first paragraph?
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p. 335 of the Freeze text
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